BBCJamil Hassan, some of the feared males in Bashar al-Assad’s Syrian regime, wished for the torture and killing of civilians, was shaking as he walked down the steps of his residence block.
Outdoors, the 72-year-old climbed right into a automobile in a small convoy together with his household and a handful of safety guards, just some suitcases between them.
His neighbour and her teenage son watched.
“I knew the second I noticed them flee that Assad had fallen,” she says.
After we entered Hassan’s residence a number of days later, indicators of the household’s hasty departure have been all over the place.
Within the fridge was a half-eaten carrot cake with a knife nonetheless on the plate. The beds have been strewn with garments and empty shoeboxes. Flowers wilted in a vase within the eating room, and cups and plates had been left to dry by the sink.
A framed photograph of a smiling Hassan and Assad held on the wall of the research, with textual content studying: “Our skies are for us and forbidden to others”.
Hassan, known as “the butcher” by many civilians on his road, was one among Assad’s most menacing enforcers. He led the Air Drive Intelligence and oversaw a community of detention amenities together with the infamous Mezzeh Jail, the place detainees have been routinely tortured.
He’s one among many senior regime figures wished or sanctioned around the globe who’ve deserted their houses in prosperous areas of Damascus and vanished.
Discovering these males who dominated Syria with an iron fist might be tough. Some concern they’ll strike political offers overseas and evade justice.
Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), which led the marketing campaign to topple the regime, has vowed to seek for them inside Syria. Rebels aligned with the group now occupy Hassan’s residence and a handwritten be aware on the entrance door warns folks to not enter.
After we requested them the place Hassan might need gone, one grinned and replied: “I do not know – to Hell.”
‘His guards threatened to kill my canine’
Many residence shutters on Hassan’s quiet road in central Damascus are actually closed. Knocks on doorways go unanswered.
Those that will converse inform us about their concern at dwelling on a road with a wished warfare legal. “We have been so afraid to speak,” says the lady who watched him flee. “It was terrifying to dwell subsequent to them.”
Hassan is needed within the US for “participating in conspiracy to commit merciless and inhuman therapy of civilian detainees, together with US residents”. He was convicted in absentia earlier this yr in France for his function in imprisoning, disappearing and torturing two Syrian-French nationals. Germany desires him too. An Interpol Pink Discover shows a photograph of Hassan alongside a note that he’s wished for “conspiracy to commit warfare crimes”.
He was positioned below journey bans and had his property frozen over the repression of civilian protesters. In April 2011 the US says Air Drive Intelligence personnel fired tear gas and live ammunition at protesting crowds in Damascus and other cities, killing at least 43.
Folks on the road describe a formidable determine who was unapproachable and at all times surrounded by guards.
A makeshift safety submit outdoors Hassan’s residence constructing was continuously staffed by army personnel. The evening earlier than the regime collapsed, the lads merely took off their uniforms and discarded their weapons, in accordance with one other neighbour.
“It was the primary time I would seen this submit with no lights, no sounds, no noise,” says 27-year-old Amr al-Bakri, a filmmaker who lives together with his household within the constructing subsequent door.
He mentioned locals “knew what he did to the Syrians – outdoors of Damascus and in Damascus – so we all know it however we won’t say something, simply ‘good morning sir’. He’d say nothing again.”
Amr says his household needed to give away their pet canine after Hassan’s guards threatened to kill it if it did not cease barking. When Amr’s household requested for the guard submit to be moved from outdoors their house, they have been informed they need to transfer home as an alternative, he says.
The guards would run common inspections on the road and test the luggage of holiday makers.
“Generally if I had a plumber or handyman to come back and repair one thing one of many guards would come and test if there was actually one thing that wanted to be mounted,” says the lady dwelling in Hassan’s constructing.
Neighbours additionally say Hassan had a “golden line” for electrical energy that meant his household’s lights have been at all times on, whereas different houses within the neighbourhood have been in darkness.
The electrician referred to as to repair any issues on the residence says he knew Hassan over a few years “however solely from a distance”. “[Hassan] was very strict – a army persona,” the person says. “He was a butcher… He had no mercy.”
The person informed BBC Information he had been in jail – not at Mezzeh however elsewhere – and was tortured there.
A neighborhood shopkeeper, Mohammed Naoura, says he did not like Hassan however that you simply needed to seem to help him.
“We’re completely satisfied now,” he provides. “No one believed this could ever occur.”
Weapons on sofas and underground swimming swimming pools
Hussam Luka, head of the Normal Safety Directorate (GSD), was much less well-known amongst residents however had an residence beneath Hassan.
His “ruthless, smooth-talking nature” reportedly earned him the nickname “the spider” – and he is below sanctions within the EU, US and UK.
A UK sanctions checklist says he was “chargeable for the torture of opponents in custody”, whereas the US Treasury Division says he “reportedly committed a number of massacres” whereas working in Homs.
The White Home has mentioned he’s one among a small group of officers who might need details about lacking American journalist Austin Tice.
At his house on Monday, rebels have been dismantling furnishings to be put into storage. They mentioned they arrived after looters had already taken lots of the most costly objects.
A photograph of Luka and Assad remained, printed in numerous sizes and kinds, alongside paperwork from safety and intelligence occasions, and ceremonial medals and certificates from the overseas spy service in Russia – the place the deposed Syrian chief Assad has fled.
“This award is to the coordinator of the mukhabarat [intelligence service] organ within the southern provinces of the Syrian Arab Republic,” one certificates naming Luka says. “You confirmed the utmost professionalism and put in big effort to fulfil the duties entrusted to you for the nice of the Syrian folks.”
As rebels clear the residence, a neighbour wanders in to see what’s occurring.
When requested what she is aware of in regards to the regime official, she replies: “We maintain to ourselves, they maintain to themselves. Nobody on this constructing interacts with one another.” She walks away.
In different prosperous areas extra houses have been deserted. Fridges are totally stocked, wardrobes full and in some instances journey paperwork left behind.
The rebels who’ve taken over the houses are utilizing them as bases, and say they’re additionally stopping additional looting.
At one lavish residence, males say they’re sleeping on blankets on marble flooring beneath large chandeliers and cooking on a camp range in its fashionable kitchen. Weapons are propped in opposition to plush sofas and arm chairs.
“We do not want any of this,” a insurgent says, gesticulating across the room.
At one other, a baby peaks by means of the curtain of a sprawling ground-floor residence with an outside swimming pool. A big household say they’re occupying the house.
Maybe the grandest house within the space is the trendy labyrinthine underground dwelling of one of many nation’s best-known businessmen – Khodr Taher Bin Ali, higher often called Abu Ali Khodr.
Bin Ali has been sanctioned by the US, UK and EU for his function in supporting and benefiting from the Syrian regime.
His house has a elevate, a full-size gymnasium, an indoor swimming pool, sizzling tub and sauna, and an industrial kitchen.
In the master suite, there are two golden safes, with house for dozens of watches – in a drawer there’s a forgotten guarantee card for luxurious model Audemars Piguet. A gun case and jewelry bins within the wardrobe are empty.
The youngsters’s ensuite bedrooms nonetheless have toys and a Louis Vuitton purse on the ground and homework and faculty stories are within the cabinets. A Quran rests on a piece high with the phrases “A present from the president Bashar al-Assad” inscribed on the aspect.
Across the nook from Bin Ali is the house of Ali Mamlouk, one among Assad’s closest associates and among the many most senior and infamous members of the regime. He was reportedly given the nickname “black box” due to his management over delicate info.
He was sentenced alongside Hassan by French judges this yr for warfare crimes, and can also be wished in Lebanon for 2 explosions in 2012 within the metropolis of Tripoli that killed and wounded dozens.
Like Luka, the White Home believes Mamlouk is one among few males who might have details about Tice.
His house is padlocked shut, and rebels are extra reluctant to grant entry there.
In a guard sales space outdoors, there are notes on guests to the property earlier than Assad’s fall – folks delivering sweets, water and greens, and coming to repair the electrical energy.
“Nobody might see, nobody might stroll, nobody might go by this space. It is really the primary time I am seeing this place from up shut,” says 17-year-old Mo Rasmi Taftaf, whose household personal a home close by.
“Every time he got here in or out, guards would minimize the roads off,” one neighbour says.
Shouting down from a second-floor balcony, one other gestures in the direction of Mamlouk’s massive house when requested in regards to the wished regime determine.
“It felt like there was a wierd environment” on the road the evening earlier than information broke that Assad had fled, he says, with out elaborating.
“His safety was right here on the time however I noticed them depart on Sunday morning – a number of automobiles. Ali Mamlouk wasn’t right here,” he provides, earlier than returning inside.
One other man, who declines to present his title, says he would not need to discuss in regards to the regime males.
“I simply need to dwell in peace. I do not need to open this e book or discover all of those crimes – there could be a number of blood.”
Looking the Assad males
Many, although, do need justice.
The leader of HTS has vowed to pursue the senior regime figures in Syria and requested different international locations at hand over those that fled. These wished elsewhere have restricted locations to run.
Discovering the lads might be a problem.
“Whereas there isn’t a confirmed info on the present whereabouts of senior regime figures like Jamil Hassan, Ali Mamlouk, and others, there are issues that such people may benefit from political offers that allow them to evade justice,” the Syrian Middle for Media and Freedom of Expression (SCM) tells the BBC.
“Some are more likely to have sought refuge in allied international locations, complicating future extradition efforts, whereas others should still be in Syria, dwelling discreetly.”
On Hassan’s road, neighbours speculate about the place the vanished warfare legal has gone.
His household left few clues within the residence. However within the workplace is a certificates for Hassan’s daughter signed by Hassan Nasrallah, the late chief of Lebanon-based Shia militant group Hezbollah, thanking her for her “assist and help for this honourable resistance”.
A number of neighbours recommend he could also be hiding in Lebanon or has transited by means of there, whereas the native shopkeeper says he thinks Hassan headed for the coast, maybe to Latakia within the north – the heartland of the minority Alawite sect to which Assad and lots of of his closest allies belong.
In the meantime, Lebanese newspaper Nida al-Watan stories that Mamlouk was smuggled across the border and into the Lebanese capital Beirut by Hezbollah – a long-time ally of Syria’s Ba’ath authorities.
Hezbollah has not confirmed providing help to any regime figures, and the Lebanese authorities has mentioned no Syrian officers focused by worldwide warrants have been authorised to enter by means of authorized crossings. Lebanese safety companies say Mamlouk will not be within the nation.
Syrian-British barrister Ibrahim Olabi says regime officers could have acquired new identities and passports, as they have been highly effective folks backed by state establishments.
In relation to getting justice, he provides, a scarcity of proof will not be the issue. It’s extra about discovering them and getting them to a spot the place they are often held accountable.
The SCM says doing this may “require appreciable sources, sustained political will, and worldwide collaboration”.
Failing to take action will ship a “harmful message that crimes, together with warfare crimes and crimes in opposition to humanity, can go unpunished”, it provides.
Ibrahim Olabi says he’s hopeful that justice might be served.
“It is going to completely be a hunt,” he says, however “the world now could be a small place by means of social media, personal investigators, political leverages”.
Hassan’s neighbours who have been keen to speak say they hope he’ll in the future be returned to Syria, distant from their road, to be punished.
